Testing#

Overview#

We use unit tests, integration tests, and functional tests to ensure that napari works as intended. We have

Unit tests which test if individual modules or functions work correctly in isolation.
Integration tests which test if different modules or functions work properly when combined.
Functional tests which test if slices of napari functionality work as intended in the whole system.

To get the most return on investment (ROI) from our coding, we strive to test as much as we can with unit tests, requiring fewer integration tests, and the least number of functional tests as depicted in the test pyramid below from softwaretestinghelp.com:

Unit tests are at the base of the pyramid because they are the easiest to write and the quickest to run. The time and effort to implement and maintain tests increases from unit tests to integration and functional tests.

Test organization#

All of napari tests are located in folders named _tests. We keep our unit tests located in the individual folders with the modules or functions they are testing (e.g. the tests for the Image layer are located in a _tests folder alongside the image.py file). Our integration and functional tests are located in the napari/_tests folder at the top of the repository.

We also strive to unit test as much of our model file and utils code independently of our GUI code. These tests are located in the napari/layers, napari/components, and napari/utils folders. Our GUI code is tests in the napari/_tests, napari/_qt, napari/_vispy folders. The napari/plugins folder contains a mix of tests.

Running tests#

To run our test suite locally, run pytest on the command line. If, for some reason you don’t already have the test requirements in your environment, run python -m pip install -e .[testing].

There are a very small number of tests (<5) that require showing GUI elements, (such as testing screenshots). By default, these are only run during continuous integration. If you’d like to include them in local tests, set the environment variable “CI”:

CI=1 pytest

Tips for speeding up local testing#

Very often when developing new code, you don’t need or want to run the entire test suite (which can take many minutes to finish). With pytest, it’s easy to run a subset of your tests:

# run tests in a specific subdirectory
pytest napari/components
# run tests in a specific file
pytest napari/components/_tests/test_add_layers.py
# run a specific test within a specific file
pytest napari/components/_tests/test_add_layers.py::test_add_layers_with_plugins
# select tests based on substring match of test name:
pytest napari/layers/ -k 'points and not bindings'

In general, it pays to learn a few of the tips and tricks of running pytest.

Testing coverage locally#

We always aim for good test coverage and we use codecov during continuous integration to make sure we maintain good coverage. If you’d like to test coverage locally as you develop new code, you can install pytest-cov and take advantage of a few handy commands:

# run the full test suite with coverage
pytest --cov=napari
# instead of coverage in the console, get a nice browser-based cov-report
pytest --cov=napari --cov-report=html
open htmlcov/index.html  # look at the report
# run a subset of tests with coverage
pytest --cov=napari.layers.shapes --cov-report=html napari/layers/shapes
open htmlcov/index.html  # look at the report

Writing tests#

Writing tests for new code is a critical part of keeping napari maintainable as it grows. Tests are written in files whose names begin with test_* and which are contained in one of the _tests directories.

Property-based testing with Hypothesis#

Property-based tests allow you to test that “for any X, …” - with a much nicer developer experience than using truly random data. We use Hypothesis for unit or integration tests where there are simple properties like x == load(save(x)) or when Napari implements a function we can check against the equivalent in a trusted library for at least some inputs.

Testing with `Qt` and `napari.Viewer`#

There are a couple things to keep in mind when writing a test where a Qt event loop or a napari.Viewer is required. The important thing is that any widgets you create during testing are cleaned up at the end of each test:

If you need a QApplication to be running for your test, you can use the qtbot fixture from pytest-qt

note: fixtures in pytest can be a little mysterious, since it’s not always clear where they are coming from. In this case, using a pytest-qt fixture looks like this:
```
# just by putting `qtbot` in the list of arguments
# pytest-qt will start up an event loop for you
def test_something(qtbot):
    ...
```
qtbot provides a convenient addWidget method that will ensure that the widget gets closed at the end of the test. It also provides a whole bunch of other convenient methods for interacting with your GUI tests (clicking, waiting signals, etc…). See the qtbot docs for details.
```
# the qtbot provides convenience methods like addWidget
def test_something_else(qtbot):
    widget = QWidget()
    qtbot.addWidget(widget)  # tell qtbot to clean this widget later
    ...
```
When writing a test that requires a napari.Viewer object, we provide a pytest fixture called make_napari_viewer that will take care of creating a viewer and cleaning up at the end of the test. When using this function, it is not necessary to use a qtbot fixture, nor should you do any additional cleanup (such as using qtbot.addWidget or calling viewer.close()) at the end of the test. Duplicate cleanup may cause an error. Use the fixture as follows:
```
# the make_napari_viewer fixture is defined in napari/utils/_testsupport.py
def test_something_with_a_viewer(make_napari_viewer):
    # make_napari_viewer takes any keyword arguments that napari.Viewer() takes
    viewer = make_napari_viewer()

    # do stuff with the viewer, no qtbot or viewer.close() methods needed.
    ...
```

If you’re curious to see the actual make_napari_viewer fixture definition, it’s in napari/utils/_testsupport.py

Mocking: “Fake it till you make it”#

It can be confusing to write unit tests for individual functions, when the function being tested in turn depends on the output from some other function or method. This makes it tempting to write integration tests that “just test the whole thing together”. A useful tool in this case is the mock object library. “Mocking” lets you patch or replace parts of the code being tested with “fake” behavior or return values, so that you can test how a given function would perform if it were to receive some value from the upstream code. For a few examples of using mocks when testing napari, search the codebase for unittest.mock

Known issues#

There are several known issues with displaying GUI tests on windows in CI, and so certain tests have been disabled from windows in CI, see #1377 for more discussion.